In order to properly report spam, you need to learn a few basic networking tools. Very often you will see IP addresses only in the email headers. For those who do not know, IP addresses form the basic building block of the internet. It is a series of numbers separated by periods. Every computer connected to the internet has an IP address when it is connected to the internet. Each ISP has a set of IP block assigned to it. The first 2 or 3 sets of numbers in the IP address will signify the IP block which will be traceable to the ISP. The numbers after the IP block refer to the specific user on the ISP’s network. Additionally, the internet makes use of the domain name service (DNS) to map those IP addresses to actual alpha-numeric names which can be remembered by us – people. The DNS system is a mapping of domain names to the specific IP address of the server which hosts a website, mail server, or any other server online.

There are a series of tools in order to work with this system and identify information based on the information you have. Those tools are:

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